Michigan Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

Enzymes are primarily described as what?

1. Hormones that regulate metabolism

2. Biological catalysts made of proteins and vitamins

3. Structural proteins in the body

4. Minerals that assist in body functions

The correct answer is: Biological catalysts made of proteins and vitamins

Enzymes are primarily described as biological catalysts made of proteins and vitamins because they play a crucial role in facilitating and accelerating chemical reactions within the body without being consumed or permanently altered in the process. The protein composition of enzymes allows them to have unique three-dimensional structures, which are essential for their specific functions. These structures allow enzymes to interact with substrate molecules at specific active sites, leading to the transformation of substrates into products efficiently. While some enzymes may require vitamins as co-factors for their activity, they are fundamentally proteins that act as catalysts. This is a key distinction because it highlights their role in biological processes compared to hormones, structural proteins, or minerals, which have different functions within the body. Understanding the catalytic role of enzymes is essential for grasping how various biological processes, such as digestion and metabolism, are regulated and managed at the molecular level.