Michigan Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

What is the congenital disease called that features spotty hypopigmentation?

1. Albinism

2. Leukoderma

3. Melasma

4. Psoriasis

The correct answer is: Leukoderma

Leukoderma is the correct term for the congenital disease characterized by spotty hypopigmentation, which refers to the loss of skin color in patches. This condition occurs due to a reduction in melanin production, which results in lighter areas on the skin that contrast with the surrounding pigment. Leukoderma can be seen in various forms, including conditions like vitiligo, where the pigment cells (melanocytes) are destroyed, leading to distinct white patches on the skin. In contrast, albinism is a genetic condition that causes complete or near-complete loss of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes but does not typically present as spotty hypopigmentation. Melasma is characterized by dark patches on the face due to hormonal changes, often occurring during pregnancy or due to sun exposure, rather than loss of pigment. Psoriasis, on the other hand, is an autoimmune condition that leads to red, scaly patches on the skin, which is a different presentation altogether.