Michigan Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

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What is the process of cell division called?

Meiosis
Mitosis
Apoptosis
Hybridization

The correct answer is: Mitosis

The process of cell division referred to in this context is mitosis. Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is essential for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. During mitosis, the replicated chromosomes are separated into two identical sets, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. In contrast, meiosis is a different form of cell division that occurs only in the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells). Meiosis results in four daughter cells, each genetically distinct and with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell, which is crucial for sexual reproduction. Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death, a natural process that allows the body to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells without causing an inflammatory response. Hybridization involves the crossing of different species or varieties, which is not related to cell division. Understanding the distinction between these processes helps clarify the specific role that mitosis plays in cellular functions and the lifecycle of organisms.