Michigan Esthetician State Board Practice Exam

Which of the following statements best describes non-pathogenic microorganisms?

1. They are always safe to consume

2. They can cause infections

3. They may perform useful functions

4. They can be found only in hospitals

The correct answer is: They may perform useful functions

Non-pathogenic microorganisms are beneficial organisms that play significant roles in various environments, including the human body. They may perform useful functions such as aiding in digestion, producing vitamins, and protecting the body against harmful pathogens by outcompeting them for resources. For instance, the microbiota in the human gut is comprised of many non-pathogenic bacteria that are essential for proper digestive health and immune function. The first option, which suggests that non-pathogenic microorganisms are always safe to consume, is misleading. While many non-pathogenic microorganisms are safe, the context in which they are consumed matters greatly. Additionally, just because these microorganisms are non-pathogenic does not categorically deem them as always safe in every situation. The second option posits that these microorganisms can cause infections, which is incorrect because non-pathogenic organisms, by definition, do not cause disease. They exist in balance with pathogenic organisms, contributing positively in many contexts. The fourth option implies that non-pathogenic microorganisms can only be found in hospitals, which is inaccurate. They exist naturally in various ecosystems, including soil, water, and the human body itself. This natural presence underscores their importance in promoting health and balance within different environments.